-organization formed after Liberty and Union War (1868-76)
-to incalculate in the youth values of social solidarity and military preparedness in the case of a war
-and to keep children from being in the city all the time in a vastly urban city
-quickly expands in size and becomes tightly associated with the public school system
-with it becoming mandatory in it and a new part of the school system
-also, private schools later become coerced to follow as well
-but with its own buildings created by the government
-over 1880s expands into Boreal North America and eventually also into the British Isles
-and a great many organizations formed on the same model to incalculate rural "manliness" in the urban youth